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Big Red One: A Journey Through the 1st Infantry Division's Storied History
The 1st Infantry Division, one of the most revered divisions in the United States Army, has a long and distinguished history of service. Known as the "Big Red One" due to its iconic shoulder patch featuring a large red numeral one, the division has participated in numerous conflicts, earning a reputation for courage, determination, and resilience. This blog post will delve into the history of the 1st Infantry Division's motto, highlighting key moments and battles that have shaped the division's legacy as the Big Red One.
The Birth of the Big Red One
The 1st Infantry Division was established on May 24, 1917, and holds the distinction of being the first division to be formed in the United States Army. The division's moniker, "Big Red One," comes from its iconic shoulder patch, which features a large red numeral one on a khaki background. This distinctive emblem has come to symbolize the division's storied history and unyielding commitment to the mission.
World War I: The Dawn of the Big Red One
The Battle of Cantigny (1918):
The 1st Infantry Division participated in its first major battle during World War I at Cantigny, France. The division's soldiers fought bravely and successfully captured the village from German forces, marking the first American victory in the war. The Big Red One's tenacity and fighting spirit were on full display, setting the stage for its future successes.
American Battle Monument Commission's monument of the Battle of Cantigny standing in Cantigny, France.
The Meuse-Argonne Offensive (1918):
As part of the largest offensive in U.S. military history, the 1st Infantry Division played a vital role in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. The division's soldiers faced heavy resistance and endured brutal trench warfare but ultimately helped break the German lines. The Big Red One's resilience and determination were crucial in bringing the war to a close.
General John J. Pershing, Commander'in-Chief of the AEF, and Major General Charles P. Summerall, commander of the 1st Division, inspecting doughboys of the 16th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 1st Division, in France, September 7, 1918.
World War II: Solidifying the Legacy
The Invasion of North Africa (1942):
During Operation Torch, the 1st Infantry Division participated in the invasion of North Africa. The division's soldiers successfully secured vital beachheads and participated in the subsequent campaigns across the region. The Big Red One's adaptability and courage were instrumental in the eventual defeat of Axis forces in North Africa.
Men of the 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment of the U.S. 1st Infantry Division march through the Kasserine Pass and on to Kasserine and Farriana, Tunisia February 26, 1943.
The Invasion of Sicily (1943):
As part of Operation Husky, the 1st Infantry Division took part in the invasion of Sicily. The division's soldiers faced fierce resistance from both German and Italian forces but played a pivotal role in the successful capture of the island. The Big Red One's unwavering determination and combat prowess were once again on display.
Map of the Allied landings in Sicily on 10 July 1943
The Normandy Landings (1944):
On D-Day, the 1st Infantry Division was among the first to storm the beaches of Normandy. The division's soldiers faced intense enemy fire and daunting obstacles but were instrumental in securing a foothold on the heavily fortified coast. The Big Red One's bravery and resolve during the Normandy campaign contributed significantly to the eventual liberation of Western Europe.
Into the Jaws of Death: A Coast Guard-staffed LCVP from the USS Samuel Chase disembarks Company A, 1st Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment assaulting Omaha Beach on the morning of 6 June 1944.
Post-World War II: Upholding the Tradition
The 1st Infantry Division has continued to play a significant role in U.S. military operations since World War II, maintaining the legacy of the Big Red One.
The Vietnam War (1955-1975):
During the Vietnam War, the 1st Infantry Division was heavily engaged in combat operations, showcasing its adaptability and tenacity in the face of challenging jungle warfare and unconventional tactics employed by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces. The Big Red One's resilience and resourcefulness played a vital role in numerous operations, including the Battle of Ap Bau Bang and Operation Cedar Falls.
1st Infantry Division soldiers during an operation in South Vietnam in 1968.
The Gulf War (1990-1991):
The 1st Infantry Division was deployed to the Persian Gulf as part of Operation Desert Storm, the U.S.-led coalition's mission to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation. The division's soldiers displayed their trademark determination and adaptability in the face of a swift and decisive campaign, contributing to the liberation of Kuwait and the expulsion of Iraqi forces.
M3 Bradleys of L Troop, 3rd ACR, stand in line at a holding area during the build-up to Operation Desert Shield.
The Global War on Terror (2001-Present):
In response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the 1st Infantry Division played an integral role in the U.S. military's efforts to combat terrorism in Afghanistan and Iraq. The division's soldiers participated in key operations such as the Battle of Tora Bora, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom. The Big Red One's commitment to the mission and unwavering fighting spirit were vital in the pursuit of global security and stability.
Soldiers from 1st Infantry Division clearing a building in Fallujah, 19 November 2004.
Humanitarian and Disaster Relief Operations:
In addition to its combat operations, the 1st Infantry Division has also been involved in numerous humanitarian and disaster relief missions. The division's soldiers have exemplified the Big Red One's commitment to service by providing critical aid and assistance in the wake of natural disasters, such as Hurricane Andrew and the Indian Ocean tsunami. These missions have further demonstrated the adaptability and compassion of the 1st Infantry Division in a variety of operational environments.
Conclusion:
The 1st Infantry Division's motto, "Big Red One," serves as a testament to the division's longstanding tradition of courage, determination, and excellence in combat. From its inception during World War I to its continued service in modern conflicts, the Big Red One has left an indelible mark on the annals of U.S. military history. The motto stands as a reminder of the division's storied past and the countless acts of bravery and selflessness displayed by its soldiers throughout the years. It also serves as an inspiration for future generations of soldiers who will continue to uphold the division's proud legacy and carry on the tradition of the Big Red One.
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