Exploring the History and Legacy of the 1st Marine Division
The 1st Marine Division, known as “The Old Breed,” is a storied and revered unit within the United States Marine Corps. With a rich history of service in numerous conflicts, the division’s legacy is a testament to the dedication, courage, and adaptability of the Marines who have served under its banner. This article explores the fascinating history and accomplishments of the 1st Marine Division, offering insights into the experiences and milestones that have shaped this exceptional group of warriors.
Short Summary
The 1st Marine Division was established in 1941 and has since become a renowned combat-ready force.
It is known for its bravery, strength and flexibility during significant contributions to World War II, the Korean War, Vietnam War and Iraq/Afghanistan Wars.
The division is composed of four notable regiments with distinguished contributions throughout history. It continues to be honored with prestigious awards in recognition of its exemplary service.
The Birth of the 1st Marine Division
Marines of the 1st Marine Division in formation
Established in 1941, the 1st Marine Division evolved from the 1st Advance Base Brigade and has since played a crucial role in various conflicts and operations. As an entire marine task force within the United States Marine Corps, the division represents a combat-ready force of 22,000 personnel, serving as an expeditionary ground combat force. The headquarters battalion plays a key role in supporting the division’s operations and maintaining its readiness, as part of the larger Marine Expeditionary Force.
The division’s lineage dates back to its activation on February 1, 1941, and its units have conducted operations in various conflicts, including World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The division’s motto, “The Old Breed,” is a tribute to the experienced veterans and rich history of the 1st Marine Division.
Marines of 1st Marine Divisionfighting on Okinawa, 1945.
The 1st Marine Division was actively engaged in several pivotal battles during World War II, such as Guadalcanal, Cape Gloucester, Peleliu, and Okinawa. These crucial engagements tested the mettle and resilience of the division’s Marines, forging a reputation for courage, determination, and adaptability that endures to this day.
In the sections that follow, we delve into the details of each of these critical battles, offering insights into the challenges faced by the division and the extraordinary feats of heroism that defined their World War II exploits.
Guadalcanal
Guadalcanal, the division’s first major campaign during World War II, saw them face logistical challenges and shortages while tasked with forming a defensive cordon around the strategically important Henderson Field. Despite the odds, the division’s Marines, who trained at Camp Pendleton, successfully defended the American airbase under harsh conditions.
Notable for the battle on Edson’s Ridge, Marines demonstrated remarkable fortitude against numerous Japanese attackers on the night of 13-14 September 1942. “Manila John” Basilone, Mitchell Paige and Lewis “Chesty” Puller were decorated with Medal of Honor and Navy Cross respectively for their exemplary service with the 7th Marine Regiment during the Battle of Guadalcanal. Their achievements are renowned across the world.
Cape Gloucester
U.S Marines push back a Japanese counterattack at Cape Gloucester.
At Cape Gloucester, the division fought against Japanese defenders in difficult terrain with the objective to acquire New Guinea. The division faced logistical challenges, intense humidity, heavy rainfall, and corroding weapons and ammunition. Nevertheless, they managed to secure key locations such as Hill 150, Aogiri Ridge, and Hill 660.
The 11th Marine Regiment provided assistance to the infantry in their endeavor to secure the Japanese aerodrome.
Peleliu
During the two-month battle for Peleliu, the division’s ground combat element endured brutal heat and deeply entrenched Japanese forces. The conditions on Peleliu were unforgiving, with limited cover and fragments of broken coral scattered through the air. The 11th Marine Regiment contributed artillery support, comprising massed preparatory, harassing, and interdicting fire, and later fired directly into the mouths of enemy caves.
The Peleliu campaign demonstrated the division’s tenacity and determination in the face of adversity.
Okinawa
During the Okinawa campaign, the 1st Marine Division played a significant role in securing the island and breaching the last Japanese defenses in June 1945. The most expansive amphibious assault of World War II, the landing on the Hagushi beaches on Okinawa, showcased the division’s capabilities in amphibious warfare.
The 11th Marine Regiment played an essential defensive role in the battle. They provided effective counter-battery fire and successfully suppressed enemy attempts to advance and take objectives won by U.S. forces.
The division’s involvement in Okinawa marked the final battle in the Pacific theater and paved the way for the eventual end of World War II.
Korean War
Marines of 1st Marine Division at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir.
The 1st Marine Division participated in the Korean War, including the infamous Battle of Chosin Reservoir. Despite being only the size of a reinforced regimental combat team, the division played a crucial role in various operations during the war, such as the defense of the Pusan Perimeter and the Inchon landing.
The section below delves into the details of the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, a harrowing engagement that tested the division’s resilience and fortitude.
Chosin Reservoir
In the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, the division fought against the Chinese People’s Volunteer Army, enduring harsh conditions and heavy casualties. Despite being outnumbered and facing freezing temperatures, the division managed to fight their way through enemy lines, displaying exceptional courage and determination.
Major General O.P. Smith, the commanding officer of the 1st Marine Division during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, led his troops through the arduous battle and contributed to the division’s storied history.
The 1st Marine Division was involved in various operations during the Vietnam War, including Operation Starlite, Operation Colorado, Operation Desoto, and the Battle of Hu. These operations showcased the division’s versatility and adaptability in the face of a complex and challenging conflict.
In the sections that follow, we will explore each of these operations in greater detail, highlighting the division’s contributions and accomplishments during the Vietnam War.
Operation Starlite
Operation Starlite was the first major offensive by the division in Vietnam, resulting in a decisive victory. The division’s role in this operation was instrumental in capturing considerable amounts of enemy supplies and equipment, as well as destroying Viet Cong forces.
Operation Starlite demonstrated the division’s ability to adapt to the challenges of a new theater of operations and set the stage for their continued involvement in the Vietnam War.
Operation Colorado
Operation Colorado aimed to eliminate Viet Cong forces in Qung Ngi Province. The division encountered various challenges during the operation, but ultimately succeeded in capturing numerous weapons and supplies, as well as eliminating enemy forces.
The division’s joint operation with the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) in the Hip c District showcased their ability to work effectively with allied forces in pursuit of a common objective.
Operation Desoto
Operation Desoto focused on disrupting Viet Cong activities in c Ph District. The division’s role in this operation was crucial in obstructing enemy activities and safeguarding the local population from adversary forces.
The outcomes of Operation Desoto were positive, demonstrating the division’s adaptability and effectiveness in counterinsurgency operations.
Battle of Huế
The division played a crucial role in the Battle of Hue, one of the longest and bloodiest battles of the Vietnam War. The Marines fought fiercely in intense street fighting and hand-to-hand combat to reclaim control of the city. During this battle, the division suffered combat casualties, highlighting the intensity of the conflict.
The Battle of Hu revealed the division’s unwavering determination and willingness to face adversity, ultimately resulting in the recapture of the city.
Desert Shield and Desert Storm
Members of C Co., 3rd Tank Battalion, 1st Marine Division, try on newly-issued field boots during Operation Desert Storm.
The 1st Marine Division participated in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, contributing to the liberation of Kuwait and the destruction of Iraqi tanks. The division’s role in these operations demonstrated their ability to adapt to a rapidly changing operational environment and showcased their expertise in combined arms warfare.
The division’s participation in these operations further solidified their reputation as a premier fighting force within the Marine Corps, contributing to the rich marine corps history and showcasing the capabilities of the marine forces central command.
The division was heavily involved in the Iraq War, including the 2003 invasion, Operation Vigilant Resolve, and Operation Phantom Fury. The division’s involvement in these operations showcased their adaptability and determination, as well as their continued commitment to the mission.
In the sections below, we will explore each of these operations in greater detail, highlighting the division’s accomplishments and contributions during the Iraq War.
2003 invasion of Iraq
The august division units conducted the deepest penetrating ground operation in the ground invasion of Iraq in 2003, covering 808 km in 17 days of combat. Rapid advancement and decisive victory in the invasion demonstrated the division’s capability to execute complex operations under challenging conditions.
The division’s role in the 2003 invasion of Iraq was instrumental in the capture of Baghdad and the elimination of Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship.
Operation Vigilant Resolve
Operation Vigilant Resolve aimed to suppress the insurgency in Fallujah in 2004. The division’s role in this operation was crucial in quelling the insurgency, but the operation also caused considerable civilian casualties and devastation to the city.
The division’s participation in this operation highlighted their commitment to the mission, even in the face of difficult circumstances.
Operation Phantom Fury was a major offensive to retake Fallujah from insurgent forces in 2004. The division’s successful recapture of the city and restoration of order showcased their determination and resilience in the face of adversity.
The outcomes of Operation Phantom Fury were favorable, with the division playing a decisive role in retaking the city and reestablishing a secure environment for its inhabitants.
Afghanistan War
Marines provide security while other Marines cross a canal in Afghanistan.
The division deployed to Afghanistan, leading a multinational coalition, including the United Nations Peacekeeping Force, and working with Afghan National Security Forces. The division’s role in Afghanistan showcased their continued adaptability and commitment to supporting global security objectives.
The division’s involvement in Afghanistan demonstrates their ongoing dedication to maintaining readiness and preparing for future conflicts and operations.
The Division Patch Story
1st Marine Division Patch
The division’s patch, featuring a blue diamond with the Southern Cross and a red numeral one, was designed by Lt. Col Merrill Twining. The blue diamond and Southern Cross symbolize the Flag of Victoria, and the red numeral one represents the division’s first action on Guadalcanal.
The division’s patch serves as a visual reminder of its storied history and the sacrifices made by the Marines who have served in its ranks.
The Old Breed Motto
The division adopted the motto “The Old Breed” to honor its experienced veterans and storied history. This motto encapsulates the division’s proud legacy, paying tribute to the courageous Marines who have served in its ranks from its inception to the present day.
The old breed motto serves as a constant reminder of the division’s heritage and the enduring spirit of its Marines.
Notable Regiments
John Basilone served with as a member of "D" Company, 1st Battalion, 7th Marines (1/7).
Notable regiments within the 1st Marine Division include the 1st, 5th, 7th, and 11th Marine Regiments, each with their own unique history and contributions. These regiments have played instrumental roles in various conflicts and operations, showcasing the diverse capabilities and expertise of the 1st Marine Division.
The accomplishments and sacrifices made by the Marines within these regiments further contribute to the division’s illustrious reputation.
Training and Deployment Activities
U.S. Marines with the 1st Reconnaissance Battalion, 1st Marine Division and Japanese soldiers move toward their next objective while conducting raid training during exercise Iron Fist
The division continues to engage in training and deployment activities, preparing for future conflicts and operations. By participating in world-class training venues and providing task-organized forces for assault operations, the division ensures that it remains an adaptable and combat-ready force. In fact, division units conducted operations have demonstrated their effectiveness in various scenarios.
The 1st Marine Division’s ongoing training and deployment activities reflect their continued commitment to maintaining readiness and supporting global security objectives. Explore Tactically Acquired today!
Awards and Recognitions
Marines wear French unit award honoring Fighting Fifth legacy
The 1st Marine Division has received numerous awards and recognitions for its service and accomplishments throughout its history. These accolades include the Presidential Unit Citation with two Silver Stars and one Bronze Star for their actions in World War II, particularly in Guadalcanal, Peleliu, Ngesebus, and Okinawa.
The division’s awards and recognitions serve as a testament to the extraordinary dedication, skill, and sacrifice of its Marines.
Summary
In conclusion, the 1st Marine Division’s storied history and accomplishments reflect the unwavering commitment, courage, and adaptability of its Marines. From its inception in 1941 to its ongoing training and deployment activities, the division has continuously demonstrated its ability to overcome adversity and excel in the most challenging of circumstances. As we honor the legacy of “The Old Breed,” we are reminded of the sacrifices made by the Marines who have served in its ranks and the enduring spirit that continues to define the 1st Marine Division.
Frequently Asked Questions
What units are under 1st Marine Division?
The 1st Marine Division includes the Headquarters Battalion, 1st, 5th, 7th and 11th Marine Regiments, 1st Marine Regiment, 1st Reconnaissance Battalion, 1st Combat Engineer Battalion, 1st and 3d Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalions, 1st Tank Battalion, and 3d Assault Amphibian Battalion.
What is the 1st Marine Division do?
The 1st Marine Division is an expeditionary force that is always ready to generate, deploy and return forces in support of global operations.
What is the most badass Marine battalion?
The 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, based in Camp Pendleton, is the most decorated battalion unit in the history of the Marine Corps, with a combat record stretching back to World War I. It even has its own famous motto, “Retreat, Hell!” which originated in the French trenches of WWI.
Where is 1st Marine Regiment located?
The 1st Marine Regiment is based out of Camp Pendleton, California, as part of the 1st Marine Division - the oldest, largest and most decorated Marine division.
What are the key battles the 1st Marine Division participated in during World War II?
The 1st Marine Division played a crucial role in some of World War II’s key battles, including Guadalcanal, Cape Gloucester, Peleliu, and Okinawa.
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